Waters lying outside the territorial waters of the coastal baselines. According to the law of the s

Since its establishment until now, the United Nations has accorded special priority task of codification and progressive development of the rules and principles of international maritime law. Evidence that the United Nations has organized three large and important Conference on the Law of the Sea. The First Law of the Sea Conference was held in Geneva in Geneva in 1958 and by 4 of the Convention, in particular the Convention on the territorial sea and contiguous zone, the Convention on the high seas, the Convention on fishing and conservation of living resources of the sea and the Convention on the Continental latest on kate middleton Shelf. Next, the Second Law of the Sea Conference held in Geneva in Geneva in 1960 with the goal of uniform width of the territorial sea. Since the position of the different groups of countries, the Conference did not achieve the goal. Third Law of the Sea Conference held mainly in New York and Geneva have two different stages: latest on kate middleton the preparation phase 1967-1973 and 1973-1982 periods formal.
Great success of the Third Law of the Sea Convention adopted the Law of the Sea Convention 1982 by the United Nations with 320 articles and nine annexes. Convention is open for the National Register on 10/12/1982. Also today, Fiji became latest on kate middleton the first member of the Convention. As of 05/06/2012 Convention has 162 members from all over Asia, Africa, Europe, the Americas and Oceania. Among the countries along the South China Sea has eight countries participating in the Convention as Vietnam, China, Africa, the Philippines, Indonesia, Indonesia-a, Ma-Lai-xi-a, Xing-ga, Singapore, Brunei and Thailand.
Law of the Sea Convention in 1982 is considered the world's Constitution sea and ocean issues identified in a comprehensive manner the legal status of the waters under the sovereignty and sovereign rights latest on kate middleton of coastal countries as well as the legal status of international waters and the international seabed. At the same time, the Convention also stipulates the establishment of a series of important international mechanisms associated with activity in the oceans and seas as the International Tribunal

on the Law of the Sea, the International Power Agency under the ocean, the Commission Ranh world Continental Shelf and the Conference

of States Parties to the Convention. Particularly relevant to the dispute that may arise between members, the Law of the Sea Convention 1982 requires Member States to resolve any dispute relating to the interpretation or application of this Convention by the peace in accordance with provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, at the same time outlines the mechanism of settlement of disputes in the radical nature. Notably, the Convention adopted as a package solution, so countries are not allowed to reserve the Party.
Under the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention, coastal waters as internal waters, territorial sea, exclusive economic zone and continental shelf. The width of this area is calculated from the baseline used to calculate the territorial waters of coastal latest on kate middleton states.
Internal waters as all waters along the coast and lies on the baseline of the coastal states. In the internal waters, the coastal state has complete and full authority for its land territory.
Waters lying outside the territorial waters of the coastal baselines. According to the law of the sea in the 50s of XX century and earlier, the territorial sea of ​​the coastal state only 03 nautical miles, or about 5.7 miles. Second Law of Sea Conference of the United Nations, some countries continue to support the territorial sea of ​​3 nautical miles, but a number of other countries to expand the territorial sea to 12 nautical latest on kate middleton miles. Third Law of the Sea Conference countries reached consensus, so the Law of the Sea Convention in 1982 defined the width of the territorial sea is 12 nautical miles. The coastal state has sovereignty over its territorial sea and airspace as well as above the territorial sea, the seabed and subsoil of the territorial sea.
However,

the absolute sovereignty here is not due to internal waters, territorial sea of ​​the coastal vessels of other countries are entitled to pass harmless (aircraft flying in airspace should still be allowed). Convention also sets out very specific rules for passing not as damaging as no threat or use of force against the sovereignty or political independence of the coastal State, or used in any way contrary to the principles of international law enshrined in the UN Charter, or brainwashing, latest on kate middleton collecting information harmful to national defense and security of the coastal

state, etc..
Coastal states have the right to promulgate regulations to control and monitor foreign vessels pass through the territorial waters of a number of issues (maritime safety, latest on kate middleton marine latest on kate middleton transportation coordination; protection sanitary equipment, construction, marine security latest on kate middleton systems; pipeline and cable protection in sea, conservation of marine biological resources; prevent violations of the law of the coastal State relating to fishing seafood; protection of the marine environment; marine scientific research, and prevent the violation latest on kate middleton of norms , fiscal, immigration, health latest on kate middleton care) and the provisions of the corridor passing boat.